Bumrungrad Health Briefs #36: Understanding Diabetic Retinopathy

06 September, 2024
Posted by: EuroCham Cambodia

Understanding Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy is a serious eye condition that affects individuals with diabetes, leading to vision impairment and potentially blindness if left untreated. This condition occurs when high blood sugar levels cause damage to the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Elevated glucose levels cause these vessels to swell, leak fluid, or become blocked, disrupting the retina's blood supply. As a result, the retina may develop new, fragile blood vessels that can bleed easily, leading to scar tissue formation and further vision impairment.

Several risk factors contribute to the development of diabetic retinopathy. Poor blood sugar control, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol levels are primary contributors. Additionally, the longer one has diabetes, the greater the risk. Pregnancy can also exacerbate the condition in diabetic women.

In its early stages, diabetic retinopathy often presents no symptoms. As the condition progresses, symptoms may include blurred vision, floaters, dark spots in the visual field, and difficulty perceiving colors. Severe cases can lead to significant vision loss.

Prevention strategies focus on effective diabetes management. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and adhering to prescribed medications are crucial. Annual comprehensive eye examinations are essential for early detection and management.

Recent advancements in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy have shown promising results. Anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) injections are now commonly used to reduce swelling in the retina and prevent the growth of new, abnormal blood vessels. Laser surgery can also seal leaking blood vessels and prevent further damage. Additionally, vitrectomy, a surgical procedure to remove the vitreous gel and blood from the eye, may be necessary in advanced cases.

Early detection of diabetic retinopathy can significantly improve treatment outcomes and prevent severe vision loss. Regular eye screenings allow for timely intervention, reducing the risk of progression. The Bumrungrad Eye Center offers state-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment options, providing comprehensive care for patients with diabetic retinopathy. Their experienced ophthalmologists are equipped with the latest technologies to ensure the best possible outcomes.

Maintaining regular check-ups at the Bumrungrad Eye Center is a critical step in preserving vision and managing diabetes effectively. Early intervention not only saves sight but also enhances the quality of life for individuals with diabetes.

Approved by Dr. Maytinee Sirimaharaj|Bumrungrad International Hospital